@article {285,
	title = {Species of the diatom genus Pseudo-nitzschia in Australian Waters},
	journal = {Botanica Marina},
	volume = {37},
	number = {5},
	year = {1994},
	note = {Times Cited: 16ArticleEnglishCited References Count: 42Ph794},
	month = {SEP},
	pages = {397-411},
	abstract = {An Australia-wide taxonomic survey for species of the potentially toxic diatom genus Pseudonitzchia Peragallo (causative organisms of amnesic shellfish poisoning) was carried out using both light and transmission electron microscopy. Samples studied derived from the Gulf of Carpentaria, North West Shelf, Coral Sea, East Australian Current, Tasmanian, Victorian and Western Australian coastal waters. The dominant bloom-forming Pseudonitzchia species in Australian coastal waters were P. fraudulenta (New South Wales), P. pungens f. pungens and P. pseudodelicatissima (Tasmanian and Victorian waters). Other representatives of this diatom genus in Australian waters include P. americana, P. lineola, P. subpacifica and P. turgidula, but these were usually only present in low concentrations.While populations of P. pseudodelicatissima from the Bay of Fundy (Canada) can be weakly toxic, wild and cultured diatom populations of this species from Tasmanian and Victorian coastal waters were consistently nontoxic. The major toxic Pseudonitzschia species of concern in Canadian waters, P. pungens f. multiseries was detected as a minor component (5\% of total biomass) of a dense P. pungens f. pungens bloom in a New South Wales estuary. Pseudonitzchia australis, a toxic species in Californian waters, was never detected in Australian waters. Surveys to identify bloom-forming Pseudonitzschia species in Australian waters, and monitoring of these species for toxicity, will continue.},
	keywords = {blooms, canada, coastal station, domoic acid, Nitzschia, pigments, shellfish, sydney},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://A1994PH79400002},
	author = {Hallegraeff, G. M.}
}
@proceedings {412,
	title = {Amino acid profiles in species and strains of Pseudo-nitzschia from Monterey Bay California: insights into the metabolic role(s) of domoic acid},
	year = {2000},
	note = {Conference: 9. International Conference on Harmful Algal Blooms, Hobart (Australia), 7-11 Feb 2000Physical medium: Printed matterLanguage: EnglishSummary Language: EnglishBook Monograph; ConferenceASFA Input Center Number: KETF2001},
	month = {February 7-11},
	pages = {324-327},
	publisher = {UNESCO},
	address = {Hobart, Australia},
	abstract = {The phenomenology of domoic acid (DA) production by strains in the Pseudo-nitzschia species complex has received considerable attention, leading to general observations that DA accumulation is stimulated by growth limiting or stress conditions. Although DA is a structural analogue of proline, no direct evidence is available linking DA and proline metabolism in Pseudo-nitzschia. Analysis of proline metabolic pathways does, however, suggest a potential link between proline catabolism and DA biosynthesis. In order to assess the impact of DA production on amino acid metabolism, a method based on pre-column derivatization of amines with phenyl-isothiocyanate (PITC) was optimized for HPLC-UV detection of phenylthiocarbamyl (PTC) derivatives of DA and other free amino acids (F AA) in marine phytoplankton. HPLC profiles of PTC-FAA in 5 species and 20 strains of Pseudo-nitzschia spp. From Monterey Bay revealed unique features when compared to other phytoplankton species. DA accumulation varied by 2-orders of magnitude among independent isolates of P. multiseries and P. australis, with isolates of the latter species exhibiting consistently higher cellular yields of DA. Proline content was lower in cells accumulating high levels of DA (> 1 fmole cell) consistent with the hypothesized function of proline as an upstream precursor of DA. All Pseudo-nitzschia species accumulated large pools of taurine (approx. 50\% of total FAAs ), a FAA not detected in other diatom species when grown in Monterey Bay seawater (34 ppt). As taurine content covaried with DA accumulation in Pseudo-nitzschia, it may provide a useful biomarker for potentially toxic bloom events.},
	keywords = {algae, Algal, amino acids, Biological poisons, Biomarkers, blooms, Environmental Regime:, Marine, Metabolism, on organisms, phytoplankton, Poisonous organisms, primary production, Q1 01485 Species interactions: pests and control, Q5 01504 Effects, Red tides, Toxicity},
	author = {Smith, G. J. and Ladizinsky, N. and Miller, P. E.},
	editor = {Hallegraeff, G. M. and Blackburn, S. I. and Bolch, C. J. and Lewis, R. J.}
}
