@article {401,
	title = {Physical biological coupling in Monterey Bay, California: topographic influences on phytoplankton ecology},
	journal = {Marine Ecology Progress Series},
	volume = {287},
	year = {2005},
	note = {Times Cited: 1ArticleEnglishCited References Count: 44910rq},
	pages = {23-32},
	abstract = {Physical-biological couplings impacting phytoplankton ecology are examined with synoptic, high-resolution observations of Monterey Bay, California, Influences of submarine canyon and shelf break topography on the physical-biological couplings are supported by 2 case studies. In the first case study, benthic-pelagic coupling was observed in southern shelf waters where a turbid plume extended from the bottom at similar to 60 m deep to the base of a phytoplankton layer centered at similar to 10 m deep. The alongshelf scale of the plume ranged from similar to 5 km near the bottom to similar to 1 km at its intersection with the phytoplankton layer. In situ and remote sensing data support the influence of Monterey Canyon on circulation forcing the benthic-pelagic coupling. In the second case study, a frontal zone and adjacent waters were rapidly surveyed over similar to 20 km(2) of the northern shelf. The front was associated with an isopycnal ridge/trough structure, surface slick, and frontal eddy < 1 km in diameter. The magnitude and vertical location of a chlorophyll maximum layer were closely coupled with the physical environment through the frontal zone. The layer was dispersed by the isopycnal ridge and frontal eddy, and concentrated in the isopycnal trough and along the periphery of the eddy. Influence of an internal wave generated by interaction of tidal currents with the shelf break is supported by the observed surface slick, measured water velocities, and the proximity and orientation of the shelf break. Significant and persistent influences of topography on phytoplankton ecology in Monterey Bay are indicated.},
	keywords = {autonomous underwater vehicle, autonomous underwater vehicles, benthic-pelagic coupling, canyon, circulation, continental-shelf, eddies, el-nino, fronts, internal waves, nutrient, physical-biological coupling, phytoplankton, pseudo-nitzschia-australis, sea, submarine canyons, topographic influence},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000227950300003},
	author = {Ryan, J. P. and F. P. Chavez and Bellingham, J. G.}
}
@proceedings {273,
	title = {Using remotely sensed sea surface temperature data to track movement of the Juan de Fuca Eddy in association with Pacific Northwest Coast harmful algal blooms},
	year = {2004},
	note = {Conference: 2003 Georgia Basin/Puget Sound Research Conference, Vancouver, BC (Canada), 31 Mar-3 Apr 2003Editor: Droscher, TW; Fraser, DA (eds)Language: EnglishBook Monograph; ConferenceASFA Input Center Number: NO0400343},
	month = {Feb 2004},
	abstract = {Satellite remote sensing techniques are being used to study the initiation and movement of harmful algal blooms off the coast of Washington State, through ocean-feature tracking and analysis. Sea surface temperature data is acquired through the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer instrument aboard NOAA weather satellites, and is used to delineate the Juan de Fuca eddy and track the motion of its cold-water masses, which have been associated with elevated levels of the biotoxin domoic acid. Domoic acid poisoning is a health and economic concern for the coastal communities of Washington, causing frequent closures of shellfish harvesting activity. Blooms of the phytoplankton that produce domoic acid, Pseudo-nitzschia spp., are thought to form west of the Strait of Juan de Fuca in this semi-permanent eddy bordering Washington and British Columbia, before being transported ashore onto Washington beaches. Remote-sensing analysis methods are being used along with oceanographic modeling and in-situ sampling to develop an understanding of the mechanisms that initiate and transport Pseudo-nitzschia cells and domoic acid to the Washington coast. The long-term research goal is development of a forecasting tool for predicting and monitoring future bloom occurrences.},
	keywords = {Algal blooms, Beaches, Biological poisons, circulation, Coastal morphology, dangerous organisms, Environmental Regime:, INE, Marine, medicines, ocean, phytoplankton, Q1 01461 Plankton, Q2 02393 Remote geosensing, Q5 01524 Public health, Radiometers, Remote sensing, Satellite sensing, Sea surface, Temperature data, Tracking, USA, washington},
	author = {Evans, N. R. and Woodruff, D. L. and V. L. Trainer}
}
@article {352,
	title = {Seasonal and inter-annual variability of the phytoplankton communities in an upwelling area of the Alboran Sea (SW Mediterranean Sea)},
	journal = {Scientia Marina},
	volume = {69},
	number = {4},
	year = {2005},
	note = {Times Cited: 0ArticleEnglishCited References Count: 48995aa},
	month = {DEC},
	pages = {451-465},
	abstract = {Temporal variability (seasonal and inter-annual) in the assembly of phytoplankton communities from the northern Alboran Sea was investigated. For this purpose, the taxonomic composition of the micro- and nano-phytoplankton communities at three fixed stations was determined every three months from 1994 to 2002. A total of 357 different taxa were identified. Most of them (about 54\%) were diatom species belonging to 57 genera. Dinoflagellates and coccolitophorids accounted for 118 and 30 taxa respectively. Two time periods could be differentiated with respect to the cell abundance. Thus, the mean abundance from 1994 to 1999 was 338 cell ml(-1) and it dropped to about 60 cell ml(-1) during the period 2000-2002. Diatoms and un-identified small flagellates dominated the communities during this first period, although a significant increase in the abundance of coccolitophorids occurred after 1997. Pseudo-nitzschia, Leptocylindrus and Chaetoceros were the dominant genera. In contrast, the coccolitophorids Emiliania huxleyi and Gephyrocapsa spp. quantitatively dominated the communities from 2000 to 2002. These shifts in the Community assembly were assessed by performing a sample-oriented stepwise discriminant analysis (SDA). The analysis separated the samples into three year-groups, with great inter-annual variability. In contrast, the SDA did not find any seasonal sucessional pattern. In spite of this result, chlorophyll a and cell abundance tended to be higher in the spring period, which has been described for the whole Alboran basin. The nutrient concentrations in the 75 m upper seawater layer had inter-annual fluctuations. Thus, NO3-+NO2-, PO4-3 and Si(OH)(4) concentrations decreased significantly in 1997-1998. Additionally, lower Si(OH)(4) concentrations and Si:P molar ratios were obtained in 2000. These results suggest that the inter-annual shifts in the phytoplankton taxonomic composition were due to alterations in the nutrient regime. In this paper we discuss the possible rationale for these nutrient changes.},
	keywords = {abundance, Alboran Sea, bay, Biomass, circulation, diatoms, dinoflagellates, front, gibraltar, inter-annual variability, Nutrients, parameters, phytoplankton, strait, time-series, upwelling},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000234071100002},
	author = {Mercado, J. M. and Ramirez, T. and Cortes, D. and Sebastian, M. and Vargas-Yanez, M.}
}
@article {366,
	title = {Shell-bearing plankton fluxes in the central Black sea, 1989-1991},
	journal = {Deep Sea Research Part I-Oceanographic Research Papers},
	volume = {52},
	number = {9},
	year = {2005},
	note = {Times Cited: 0ArticleEnglishCited References Count: 51960kp},
	month = {SEP},
	pages = {1677-1698},
	abstract = {Seasonal and vertical flux variations of coccolithophorids, discrete coccoliths, silicoflagellates, ebridians, and diatoms were investigated using time-series sediment traps deployed in the central Black Sea for 2 years from September 1989 through August 1990 (Year 1) and from October 1990 through September 1991 (Year 2). The following marine plankton groups were not observed during the enumeration: dinoflagellates, radiolarians, planktonic and benthic foraminifers, and pteropods. High fluxes of coccolithophorids, discrete coccoliths, and silicoflagellates occurred from September to December in Year I and October to December in Year 2. High ebridian fluxes occurred during short periods from October to November in Year I and from February to April in Year 2. High diatom fluxes occurred from September to January in Year I and from October to April in Year 2. The seasonal variations and magnitudes of most plankton assemblages were similar between the Shallow trap (at a depth of 400 m) and the Bottom trap (at a depth of 2090 m) suggesting that the plankton shells settled at a rate of 60 m d(-1) or greater without significant loss or lateral input. The exception was the diatom flux in Year 2, which was offset by approximately 2 months between the Shallow and Bottom traps, suggesting a sinking speed of approximately 38 +/- 18 m d(-1). The slower setting speed is attributed to Pseudo-nitzschia spp., which was the dominant diatom taxon in Year 2. Maximum flux magnitudes of each plankton assemblage were on average two times greater in Year 2 than in Year 1. Emiliania huxleyi, Distephanus pulchrus, and Pseudo-nitzschia spp. dominated the fluxes of coccolithophorids, silicoflagellates, and diatoms, respectively. Significant changes in taxonomic composition of the silicoflagellate and ebridian fluxes were observed between Year I and Year 2. The higher fluxes in Year 2 and the observed taxonomic changes imply that the upper water column in Year 2 was warmer and more eutrophic compared to Year 1, possibly linked to greater advection of nutrient-rich coastal waters to the center of the Black Sea through meso-scale eddies. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
	keywords = {black sea, circulation, coccolithophorid, diatom, dictyocha-speculum, ebridian, Eutrophication, field, pacific, particle flux, primary production, scale, sediment trap, silicoflagellate, surface, variability, waters, western},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000231589700006},
	author = {Osawa, M. and Takahashi, K. and Hay, B. J.}
}
@article {486,
	title = {Controls on temporal patterns in phytoplankton community structure in the Santa Barbara Channel, California},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research-Oceans},
	volume = {113},
	number = {C4},
	year = {2008},
	note = {297CPTimes Cited:0Cited References Count:47},
	month = {Apr 29},
	pages = {-},
	abstract = {Characterizing phytoplankton succession in the context of physical and chemical processes is important for understanding the mechanisms driving phytoplankton species composition and succession. An understanding of these processes ultimately influences the ability to predict the contribution of phytoplankton to carbon cycling, the initiation and persistence of harmful algal blooms, and the ability to use satellites for the remote sensing of specific phytoplankton taxa important for biogeochemistry. A statistical analysis of 5 years (1998-2003) of phytoplankton pigment concentrations from the Santa Barbara Channel using empirical orthogonal functions reveals four dominant modes of variability that explain 80\% of the variance in the pigment data set. The annual cycle is characterized by a switching from a mixed-phytoplankton assemblage mode to modes dominated by either diatoms, dinoflagellates, or a combination of nano- and pico-phytoplankton. The dominant two modes correspond to a prebloom condition that precedes upwelling conditions, with all identified phytoplankton groups present in low abundance and a diatom-dominated upwelling state that develops following spring upwelling. In 2001, the EOF analysis indicated a transition toward more intense diatom blooms in spring and summer and fewer, large dinoflagellate blooms. This trend was corroborated by analyses of diagnostic pigments and CHEMTAX analysis and may be linked to an increase in local upwelling intensity between 2001 and 2003. Both spring diatom blooms occurring after 2001 were dominated by toxic Pseudo-nitzschia species and led to significant marine mammal deaths in the channel in 2003.},
	keywords = {Biomass, circulation, inner shelf, mechanisms, pigments, plumes, red-tide dinoflagellate, sea, southern california, variability},
	isbn = {0148-0227},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000255595000001},
	author = {Anderson, C. R. and Siegel, D. A. and Brzezinski, M. A. and Guillocheau, N.}
}
@article {443,
	title = {Thin layers of Pseudo-nitzschia spp. and the fate of Dinophysis acuminata during an upwelling-downwelling cycle in a Galician Ria},
	journal = {Limnology and Oceanography},
	volume = {53},
	number = {5},
	year = {2008},
	note = {350MGTimes Cited:0Cited References Count:55},
	month = {Sep},
	pages = {1816-1834},
	abstract = {Fine-resolution measurements of phytoplankton and physical parameters were made from 31 May to 14 June 2005 in the Ria de Pontevedra (Spain), which is subject to seasonal upwelling. The main objective of this work was to elucidate physical-biological interactions leading to subsurface aggregations of toxin-producing microalgae (Pseudo-nitzschia spp. and Dinophysis spp.). A sequence of upwelling-relaxation-upwelling-downwelling events was recorded with a moored Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP). Thin layers (TLs) of Pseudo-nitzschia spp. and other diatoms (up to 30 mu g chlorophyll a L-1) developed and persisted in the pycnocline above cooler (12.5 degrees C) upwelled water but were vertically displaced and even dispersed during downwelling. The establishment of steep pycnoclines after upwelling pulses and the formation of TLs of Pseudo-nitzschia spp. and other diatoms suggest that pycnoclines may act as retention areas for these populations. Their vertical displacement during downwelling would explain different patterns observed in the contamination of benthic resources and raft-mussels. A decimeter-scale segregation of Pseudo-nitzschia micans and Dinophysis acuminata populations was observed. The population of D. acuminata, present since March 2005 in Ria de Pontevedra, was never found within the pycnocline, did not perform any significant vertical migration, and was not dispersed during upwelling. Instead, it formed patches (up to 8 x 10(3) cell L-1) in the warmer (15-18 degrees C) surface (0-4 m) waters associated with a diurnal thermocline, and it spread throughout the ria into a near-surface layer during relaxation and downwelling. These results demonstrate the importance of considering species-specific behavior to predict the location of cell maxima.},
	keywords = {acuta, baltic sea, circulation, Coastal waters, dinoflagellate, dynamics, nw spain, physical processes, phytoplankton distribution, west-coast},
	isbn = {0024-3590},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000259356000011},
	author = {Velo-Suarez, L. and Gonzalez-Gil, S. and Gentien, P. and Lunven, M. and Bechemin, C. and Fernand, L. and Raine, R. and Reguera, B.}
}
@article {603,
	title = {Empirical models of toxigenic Pseudo-nitzschia blooms: Potential use as a remote detection tool in the Santa Barbara Channel},
	journal = {Harmful Algae},
	volume = {8},
	number = {3},
	year = {2009},
	note = {409LFTimes Cited:2Cited References Count:55},
	month = {Feb},
	pages = {478-492},
	abstract = {The Santa Barbara Channel, CA is a highly productive region where wind-driven upwelling and mesoscale eddies are important processes driving phytoplankton blooms. In recent years, the spring bloom has been dominated by the neurotoxin-producing diatom, Pseudo-nitzschia spp. In this paper, we relate a 1.5-year time series of Pseudo-nitzschia spp. abundance and domoic acid concentration to physical, chemical, and biological data to better understand the mechanisms controlling local Pseudo-nitzschia spp. bloom dynamics. The data were used to define the ranges of environmental conditions associated with Pseudo-nitzschia spp. bloom development in the Santa Barbara Channel. The time series captured three large toxic events (max. particulate domoic acid concentration, pDA similar to 6000 ng L-1; max. cellular domoic acid concentrations, cDA similar to 88 pg cell(-1)) in the springs of 2005-2006 and summer 2005 corresponding to bloom-level Pseudo-nitzschia spp. abundance (>5.0 x 10(4) cells L-1). In general, large increases in Pseudo-nitzschia spp. abundance were accompanied by increases in cDA levels, and cDA peaks preceded pDA peaks by at least one month in both the springs of 2005 and 2006. Statistical models incorporating satellite ocean color (MODIS-Aqua and SeaWiFS) and sea surface temperature (AVHRR) data were created to determine the probability that a remotely sensed phytoplankton bloom contains a significant population of toxic Pseudo-nitzschia spp. Models correctly estimate 98\% of toxic bloom situations, with a 7-29\% rate of false positive identification. Conditions most associated with high cDA levels are low sea surface temperature, high salinity, increased absorption by cDOM (412 nm), increased reflectance at 510/555 nm, and decreased particulate absorption at 510 nm. Future efforts to merge satellite and regionally downscaled forecasting products with these habitat models will help assess bloom forecasting capabilities in the central CA region and any potential connections to large-scale climate modes. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
	keywords = {australis, california, characteristic patterns, circulation, coast, domoic acid, domoic acid production, environmental-conditions, global ocean, habitat models, north pacific-ocean, phytoplankton, Pseudo-nitzschia, remote-sensing, southern california bight},
	isbn = {1568-9883},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000263506500011},
	author = {Anderson, C. R. and Siegel, D. A. and Kudela, R. M. and Brzezinski, M. A.}
}
