@article {189,
	title = {Environmental conditions associated with domoic acid in razor clams on the Washington coast},
	journal = {Journal of Shellfish Research},
	volume = {19},
	number = {2},
	year = {2000},
	note = {Times Cited: 9ArticleEnglishCited References Count: 36391ww},
	month = {DEC},
	pages = {1007-1015},
	abstract = {In October 1998, record levels of the neurotoxin domoic acid (DA) were detected in razor clams (Siliqua patula, Dixon) resulting in the closure of shellfish harvesting areas along the Washington coast. This toxin was detected in seawater samples collected at Kalaloch Beach and Second Beach on the central Washington coast using a receptor binding assay and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectroscopy. Domoic acid levels ranging from 0-2700 ng/L were measured in seawater samples containing from 70-100\% Pseudo-nitzschia pseudodelicatissima (Hasle) Hasle at concentrations of 1.0-15 x 10(6) cells/L, resulting in maximum levels of cellular toxin of approximately 500 fg/cell. A cultured isolate of this species collected from Kalaloch Beach also produced DA, as determined by the receptor binding assay, during late exponential and stationary stages of growth. The toxic P. pseudodelicatissima bloom in the late summer and autumn of 1998 occurred 2-3 weeks after strong coastal upwelling during a period of anomalously low rainfall, typical in post-el Nino years. Higher toxin levels in seawater at Kalaloch Beach compared to Second Beach were attributed to the periodic nature of upwelling at Kalaloch Bench, demonstrated by a 175-fold increase in nitrate in seawater coincident with a 5 OC decrease in sea sui face temperature on September 1. The upwelling event in September was followed by wind relaxation and reversal at the end of that month, resulting in the transport of toxic cells toward the coast where nutrients were already present to fuel the algal bloom. A pulse of nutrients, either from rainfall or upwelling, to coastal regions that have experienced several weeks of low nutrients, followed by wind relaxation or reversal events that transport cells to inshore regions, are suggested to be important factors in the initiation of the most toxic Pseudo-nitzschia species blooms on the Washington coast.},
	keywords = {california, canada, diatom pseudonitzschia-australis, domoic acid, identification, prince-edward-island, Pseudo-nitzschia, razor clams, receptor, shellfish, upwelling, us west-coast, waters},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000166380100044},
	author = {N. G. Adams and Lesoing, M. and V. L. Trainer}
}
@article {352,
	title = {Seasonal and inter-annual variability of the phytoplankton communities in an upwelling area of the Alboran Sea (SW Mediterranean Sea)},
	journal = {Scientia Marina},
	volume = {69},
	number = {4},
	year = {2005},
	note = {Times Cited: 0ArticleEnglishCited References Count: 48995aa},
	month = {DEC},
	pages = {451-465},
	abstract = {Temporal variability (seasonal and inter-annual) in the assembly of phytoplankton communities from the northern Alboran Sea was investigated. For this purpose, the taxonomic composition of the micro- and nano-phytoplankton communities at three fixed stations was determined every three months from 1994 to 2002. A total of 357 different taxa were identified. Most of them (about 54\%) were diatom species belonging to 57 genera. Dinoflagellates and coccolitophorids accounted for 118 and 30 taxa respectively. Two time periods could be differentiated with respect to the cell abundance. Thus, the mean abundance from 1994 to 1999 was 338 cell ml(-1) and it dropped to about 60 cell ml(-1) during the period 2000-2002. Diatoms and un-identified small flagellates dominated the communities during this first period, although a significant increase in the abundance of coccolitophorids occurred after 1997. Pseudo-nitzschia, Leptocylindrus and Chaetoceros were the dominant genera. In contrast, the coccolitophorids Emiliania huxleyi and Gephyrocapsa spp. quantitatively dominated the communities from 2000 to 2002. These shifts in the Community assembly were assessed by performing a sample-oriented stepwise discriminant analysis (SDA). The analysis separated the samples into three year-groups, with great inter-annual variability. In contrast, the SDA did not find any seasonal sucessional pattern. In spite of this result, chlorophyll a and cell abundance tended to be higher in the spring period, which has been described for the whole Alboran basin. The nutrient concentrations in the 75 m upper seawater layer had inter-annual fluctuations. Thus, NO3-+NO2-, PO4-3 and Si(OH)(4) concentrations decreased significantly in 1997-1998. Additionally, lower Si(OH)(4) concentrations and Si:P molar ratios were obtained in 2000. These results suggest that the inter-annual shifts in the phytoplankton taxonomic composition were due to alterations in the nutrient regime. In this paper we discuss the possible rationale for these nutrient changes.},
	keywords = {abundance, Alboran Sea, bay, Biomass, circulation, diatoms, dinoflagellates, front, gibraltar, inter-annual variability, Nutrients, parameters, phytoplankton, strait, time-series, upwelling},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000234071100002},
	author = {Mercado, J. M. and Ramirez, T. and Cortes, D. and Sebastian, M. and Vargas-Yanez, M.}
}
@article {199,
	title = {Circulation and environmental conditions during a toxigenic Pseudo-nitzschia australis bloom in the Santa Barbara Channel, California},
	journal = {Marine Ecology-Progress Series},
	volume = {327},
	year = {2006},
	note = {Article151VOEnglishTimes Cited:1Cited References Count:58},
	pages = {119-133},
	abstract = {During May 2003, a toxigenic bloom of the diatom Pseudo-nitzschia australis occurred in the Santa Barbara Channel (SBC), California, that was linked to a marine mammal mortality event in the region. Satellite imagery revealed the presence of the bloom prior to a period of strong, spring upwelling along the continental shelf of the SBC. Following upwelling the bloom increased in areal extent to cover most of the SBC. P. australis abundance ranged from 0.4 x 10(5) to 2 x 10(6) cells l(-1) with particulate domoic acid (DA) concentrations between 32 and 1684 ng l(-1). Significant negative correlations between silicic acid, Si(OH)(4):NO3- and Si(OH)(4):PO43- ratios and particulate DA suggest that the bloom may have been experiencing Si limitation. High cell abundance and the highest levels of cellular DA (0.14 to 2.1 pg cell(-1)) were associated with a cyclonic eddy in the western end of the SBC. Cyclonic eddies within the SBC are known to be convergent, and may thus have concentrated P. australis cells within this feature. Propagation of the eddy transported the bloom to the west, indicating that coherent circulation features may help predict the fate of harmful algal blooms in coastal systems.},
	keywords = {abundance, Bacillariophyceae, bio-physical coupling, cyclonic eddy, diatom pseudonitzschia-australis, domoic acid, domoic acid production, marine diatoms, multiseries, neurotoxin, phytoplankton dynamics, Pseudo-nitzschia australis, pseudo-nitzschia spp., silicate limitation, southern california bight, upwelling, washington coast},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000245319100011},
	author = {Anderson, C. R. and Brzezinski, M. A. and Washburn, L. and Kudela, R.}
}
@article {190,
	title = {The nearshore advection of a toxigenic Pseudo-nitzschia bloom and subsequent domoic acid contamination of intertidal bivalves},
	journal = {African Journal of Marine Science},
	volume = {28},
	number = {2},
	year = {2006},
	note = {Article091TAEnglishTimes Cited:0Cited References Count:17},
	month = {Sep},
	pages = {271-276},
	abstract = {Along the coast of Washington State, USA, periods of downwelling-favourable winds increase in frequency in late summer and may advect domoic acid (DA)-producing Pseudo-nitzschia to the coast where they toxify coastal razor clams Siliqua patula. During the late summer and early autumn of 2002, measurements of Pseudonitzschia species, particulate DA (pDA) and salinity were made in nearshore waters and at Kalaloch Beach. A shift in the relative abundance of Pseudo-nitzschia species was observed following a storm during 8-10 September. After a second storm during 16-18 September, Pseudo-nitzschia cell numbers and levels of pDA increased in nearshore waters. Salinity measured with moored sensors showed the presence of relatively fresh Columbia River plume water on the inner shelf for several weeks, beginning on 8 September and persisting for approximately eight days after the second storm. During that time, DA in intertidal razor clams accumulated to levels that exceeded the regulatory action limit. This study helps to clarify the complex role of the Columbia River plume in the advection of Pseudo-nitzschia populations to the Washington coast.},
	keywords = {advection, columbia river, domoic acid, downwelling, oceanography, Pseudo-nitzschia, razor clams, upwelling, washington coast},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000241050000019},
	author = {N. G. Adams and MacFadyen, A. and B. M. Hickey and V. L. Trainer}
}
@article {604,
	title = {A toxic Pseudo-nitzschia bloom in Todos Santos Bay, northwestern Baja California, Mexico},
	journal = {Harmful Algae},
	volume = {8},
	number = {3},
	year = {2009},
	note = {409LFTimes Cited:0Cited References Count:46},
	month = {Feb},
	pages = {493-503},
	abstract = {A toxic Pseudo-nitzschia spp. bloom in the Todos Santos Bay area (31.8 degrees N), Mexico, is described. This is the southernmost report of the presence of domoic acid (DA) in the California Current System and it is also the first report of the distribution of toxic Pseudo-nitzschia species and DA on the Baja California west coast. The maximum cell abundance of Pseudo-nitzschia was 3.02 x 10(5) cells L-1 and the maximum concentration of DA in particulate matter (pDA) was 0.86 mu g L-1. A australis constituted the major proportion of cells identified as Pseudo-nitzschia. The environmental conditions associated with wind-driven upwelling were the cause for the accumulation of toxic cells. Maximum pDA and cell concentration were detected around 14 degrees C. The ratio of the concentration of macronutrients seemed to be the important factor for the accumulation of P. australis. The highest cell abundance was detected in areas with a high Si(OH)(4) to N ratio in the entire water column. Therefore, the relative increase of silicate concentration related to upwelling conditions was the probable cause for the accumulation of P. australis. Maximum photosystem II (PSII) quantum efficiency of charge separation (F-v/F-m) was negatively correlated to the pDA to fucoxanthin ratio. This ratio was used in this work as an index of cellular DA content. Therefore, the photosynthetic competence of the cells might be an important factor that affected their DA cellular content. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
	keywords = {Bacillariophyceae, baja california, diatom pseudonitzschia-australis, domoic acid, domoic acid production, environmental-conditions, nutrient stress, phytoplankton, Pseudo-nitzschia australis, sea lions, southern california, toxic bloom, upwelling, west-coast, whole-cell},
	isbn = {1568-9883},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000263506500012},
	author = {Garcia-Mendoza, E. and Rivas, D. and Olivos-Ortiz, A. and Almazan-Becerril, A. and Castaneda-Vega, C. and Pena-Manjarrez, J. L.}
}
