@article {376,
	title = {Pseudo-nitzschia species (Bacillariophyceae) in Louisiana coastal waters: Molecular probe field trials, genetic variability, and domoic acid analyses},
	journal = {Journal of Phycology},
	volume = {35},
	number = {6, suppl.},
	year = {1999},
	note = {ISSN: 0022-3646Language: EnglishSummary Language: English},
	pages = {1368-1378},
	abstract = {An 18-month field survey of the Pseudo-nitzschia population present in Louisiana coastal waters was conducted comparing species abundance estimates by novel fluorescent molecular probes (16S large subunit rDNA oligonucleotide sequences) with traditional electron and differential-interference light microscopy. While the probe and microscopic analyses agreed on the presence or absence of four common Pseudo-nitzschia species (P. multiseries (Hasle) Hasle, P. pseudodelicatissima (Hasle) Hasle, P. delicatissima (P.T. Cleve) Heiden, and P. pungens (Grunow) Hasle in 66\% of the samples analyzed, the probes gave conflicting results with the microscopic methods in the remaining 34\% of the samples. The majority of the discrepancies appear to be because of genetic variation within the Pseudo-nitzschia population, especially in P. pseudodelicatissima, indicating that the Monterey Bay Pseudo-nitzschia spp. may not be appropriate reference strains for distinguishing Louisiana Pseudo-nitzschia spp. Additionally, P. pseudodelicatissima has been associated with domoic acid (DA) activity in three field samples, at levels up to 22 times higher than the highest value given in other published reports of DA production by this species. The contemporaneous existence of multiple strains of P. pseudodelicatissima (toxic and non-toxic) presents new challenges to the study of the ecophysiology and population dynamics of this bloom-forming species.},
	keywords = {algae, Algal blooms, Analytical, ASW, Coastal waters, diatoms, domoic acid, Ecophysiology, Electron, fluorescence, Genetic variance, Hybridization analysis, identification, K 03009, K 03039 Algae, Louisiana, Methods and instruments, microscopy, O 1070 Ecology/Community Studies, Plankton surveys, Pseudo-nitzschia, Q1 01461 Plankton, Q4 27390 Toxins, Q5 01502, rRNA 16S, techniques, USA},
	author = {M. L. Parsons and Scholin, C. A. and Miller, P. E. and Doucette, G. J. and Powell, C. L. and G. A. Fryxell and Dortch, Q. and Soniat, T. M.}
}
@article {261,
	title = {Nutrients and harmful algal blooms: General issues and examples from the northern Gulf of Mexico},
	journal = {Journal of Phycology},
	volume = {39},
	number = {S1},
	year = {2003},
	note = {ISSN: 0022-3646Language: EnglishSummary Language: English},
	abstract = {Nutrient inputs have increased worldwide in both marine and freshwater ecosystems, stimulating algal growth. The resulting increased eutrophication can be manifested in different ecosystems as hypoxia/anoxia, loss of submerged aquatic vegetation, or Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs). HABs can significantly impact human and ecosystem health. It has been hypothesized that HABs are increasing worldwide, in part because of increasing nutrient inputs, but establishing a direct cause and effect link has been difficult for a variety of reasons. Two examples from the Louisiana coastal zone illustrate some of the difficulties and successes: annual Pseudo-nitzschia spp. blooms on the shelf in the extended plume of the Mississippi River and sporadic, toxic cyanobacterial blooms in low salinity estuaries. The challenge is to determine if a HAB is caused by increased nutrient inputs and which nutrient(s) are the main culprit(s), to identify the source(s) of the increased nutrients, and to develop effective management strategies. The latter is often a social/political problem that must be well-informed by the science.},
	keywords = {1010 Viruses, 4020 Pollution - Organisms/Ecology/Toxicology, Algal blooms, Anoxia, ASW, bacteria, Cyanophyta, Environment management, Estuarine chemistry, Eutrophication, Freshwater ecosystems, Fungi and Plants, harmful algal blooms, Hypoxia, K 03068 Algae, Louisiana, Mexico, Mexico Gulf, Mississippi R., Nutrients, Nutrients (mineral), O, phytoplankton, Political aspects, Pollution control, Pollution effects, Protists, Pseudo-nitzschia, Q1 01221 General, Q1 01461 Plankton, Q5 01504 Effects on organisms, River plumes, Salinity effects, Sociological aspects, USA, Vegetation},
	author = {Dortch, Q.}
}
